RESUMO: As análises de correlações canônicas baseadas nas correlações genotípicas, permitem determinar associações entre grupos de caracteres e realizar a seleção direta ou indireta de genótipos superiores. Objetivou-se com este trabalho investigar a existência de relações lineares e multivariadas entre caracteres de alta e baixa herdabilidade via análise de correlações canônicas com base nas correlações genotípicas. O experimento foi conduzido no Campo Experimental Professor Diogo Alves de Melo da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, em Viçosa, Minas Gerais. 90 cultivares de trigo foram avaliadas sob o delineamento alpha-lattice 9 × 10, com três repetições e parcelas constituídas por quatro linhas de três metros espaçadas a 0.20 metros. Os grupos canônicos foram estabelecidos entre altura de espiga e planta, dias para o espigamento, número de espiguetas por espiga e número de grãos por espiga (Grupo I) e, peso de espiga, massa de grãos da espiga, massa de 100 grãos, peso hectolitro e produtividade de grãos (Grupo II). Houve dependência entre os grupos estabelecidos, o que permitiu a investigação das relações entre os caracteres com base em seus valores genotípicos. Os caracteres ciclo e altura de plantas podem ser utilizados para a seleção indireta de genótipos superiores em peso hectolitro e produtividade, fatores estes importantes para indústrias e produtores.

ABSTRACT: Canonical correlation analysis based on genotypic correlations allows determining the associations between groups of traits and carrying out the direct or indirect selection of superior genotypes. This study investigated the existence of linear and multivariate relationships between high and low heritability traits via canonical correlation analysis based on genotypic correlations. The experiment was conducted at the Professor Diogo Alves de Melo Experimental Field at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, in Viçosa, MG. 90 wheat cultivars were evaluated under a 9 × 10 alpha-lattice design, with three replications and plots consisting of four rows of three meters spaced at 0.20 meters. Canonical groups were established between spike height and plant height, days for heading, number of spikelets per spike, and number of grains per spike (Group I) and, spike weight, spike grain mass, 100-grain mass, hectoliter weight, and grain yield (Group II). There was dependence between the established groups, which allowed the investigation of the relationships between traits based on their genotypic values. The traits cycle and plant height can be used for indirect selection of genotypes superior in hectoliter weight and grain yield, which are important factors for industries and farmers.

Abstract “Paper mtropolises” are urban centers in established metropolitan regions that present no functionalities of a metropolis, in terms of political, economic, and social influence, as well as the flow of information, capital, and people. Thus, this study has sought to understand the conception, perception, and experience of a “paper metropolis” located in the Brazilian Amazon based on Henri Lefebvre’s understanding of the production of urban space. Using a historiographical approach, and a literature and documentary review, it was possible to understand that the conceived space is essentially the result of joint actions among political and economic actors that prioritize the institutionalization of space rather than its production, thereby reflecting the lack of perception and experience of the population in relation to metropolitan space. Thus, particular intra-urban dynamics transform the metropolitan spaces into a product that does not necessarily fit into Lefebvrian theory, creating new horizons for apprehending the socio-spatial production of what constitutes paper metropolises.

Resumo “Metrópoles de papel” são centros urbanos de regiões metropolitanas institucionalizadas que não apresentam funcionalidades de uma metrópole, tais como influências político-econômicas e sociais, além do tráfego de informações, capital e pessoas. Assim, este estudo buscou compreender a concepção, a percepção e a vivência de uma “metrópole de papel” localizada na Amazônia brasileira com base no entendimento da produção do espaço urbano de Henri Lefebvre. Utilizando uma abordagem historiográfica, análises de recursos bibliográficos e documentais possibilitaram apreender que o espaço concebido é fruto essencialmente de ações conjuntas entre agentes políticos e econômicos que priorizaram a institucionalização do espaço em vez de sua produção, repercutindo na ausência de percepção e vivência por parte da população com relação ao espaço metropolitano. Por conseguinte, dinâmicas intraurbanas peculiares tornam a produção dos espaços metropolitanos um produto que não necessariamente se encaixa na teoria lefebvriana, criando novos horizontes para a apreensão da produção socioespacial do que se constituem as metrópoles de papel.

Abstract The objectives of this work were to investigate the occurrence of parasites in feces of cats, compare different coproparasitological techniques for their diagnosis and determine associations with parasitism. The samples were processed using three different coproparasitological techniques: centrifugal flotation in sucrose, centrifugal flotation in ZnSO4 and simple sedimentation. The parasitic association between parasitism and variables such as age, sex and fecal consistency was performed using the chi-square test or the G test with a significance level of 5%. A total of 237 samples were analyzed, of which 93 (39.2%) were positive, being Ancylostoma spp. (17.3%), Giardia intestinalis (12.2%), Platynosomum illiciens (8.0%), Cystoisospora spp. (6.3%), Toxoplasma gondii/ Hammondia hammondi (3.4%), Diphyllobothriidae (2.1%), Toxocara spp. (1.7%), Dipylidium caninum (1.3%) and Mesocestoides spp. (0.8%). In the parasitism association analysis, it was possible to verify a statistical difference in the age category for Cystoisospora spp. (p=0.001) observing a strong relationship between parasitism and young animals, the association with sex proved to be important for P. illiciens (p<0.001) with a higher frequency of parasitized females and fecal consistency revealed to be related to the parasites G. intestinalis (p=0.007) and P. illiciens (p=0.033) showing a higher number of positive animals for these parasites with normal fecal consistency. In conclusion, we observed a higher occurrence of Ancylostoma spp. and G. intestinalis in fecal samples from domestic cats received in routine diagnoses and the presence of other parasites with zoonotic potential, as well as the relationship of these diagnosed parasites with the categories sex, age and fecal consistency.

Resumo Os objetivos deste trabalho foram investigar a ocorrência de parasitos em fezes de gatos, comparar diferentes técnicas coproparasitológicas para o seu diagnóstico e determinar as associações com o parasitismo. As amostras foram processadas usando três diferentes técnicas coproparasitológicas: centrífugo-flutuação em sacarose, centrífugo-flutuação em ZnSO4 e sedimentação simples. A associação parasitária entre o parasitismo e variáveis, como idade, sexo e consistência fecal, foi realizada pelo teste de qui-quadrado ou teste de G com nível de significância de 5%. No total, foram analisadas 237 amostras, das quais 93 (39,2%) foram positivas, sendo diagnosticados os parasitos Ancylostoma spp. (17,3%), Giardia intestinalis (12,2%), Platynosomum illiciens (8,0%), Cystoisospora spp. (6,3%), Toxoplasma gondii/ Hammondia hammondi (3,4%), Diphyllobothriidae (2,1%), Toxocara spp. (1,7%), Dipylidium caninum (1,3%) e Mesocestoides spp. (0,8%). Na análise de associação entre o parasitismo e as outras variáveis, foi possível verificar diferença estatística na categoria idade para Cystoisospora spp. (p=0,001), observando forte relação entre o parasitismo e animais jovens. A associação com o sexo demonstrou ser importante para P. illiciens (p<0,001), com maior frequência de fêmeas parasitadas. E a consistência fecal revelou ter relação com os parasitos G. intestinalis (p=0,007) e P. illiciens (p=0,033), com maior frequência de fezes com consistência normal nos animais positivos para esses parasitos. Em conclusão, foi observada uma maior ocorrência de Ancylostoma spp. e G. intestinalis em amostras fecais de gatos domésticos, recebidas em diagnósticos de rotina e a presença de outros parasitos com potencial zoonótico, como também, a relação desses parasitos diagnosticados com as categorias sexo, idade e consistência fecal.

Abstract The selection of parents to originate promising base populations, as well as the knowledge of the gene effects controlling agronomic traits by means of diallel, are useful to drive genetic gains in Brazilian tropical wheat breeding programs. The goals of this study were to select tropical wheat parents with a high frequency of favorable alleles and segregating populations with high potential to originate superior progenies through partial diallel analysis. Thus, 14 parents were divided in two groups and crossed in a 7 × 7 partial diallel scheme to originate 49 F1 combinations. After obtaining F2 generation, the populations and the parents were evaluated in the field in the summer of 2021. Days for heading, plant height, rust and yellow spot resistance, and grain yield were evaluated. The data were subjected to partial diallel analysis. There were significant effects of general combining ability for all traits. The specific combining ability effect was significant for days for heading and plant height. The additive gene effects were predominant over the non-additive ones. The parents with the highest frequency of favorable alleles for the traits evaluated were selected in each group. Four populations with high genetic potential to originate superior progenies were selected.

RESUMEN La selección de poblaciones segregantes con potencial para derivar líneas es esencial para los programas de mejoramiento. El presente trabajo presenta el potencial de las poblaciones tropicales de trigo F2 (Triticum aestivum L.) generadas a partir de combinaciones de cruces dialélicos completos. Para ello, se combinaron ocho cultivares de trigo tropical en un diseño dialélico completo en 2019 después de multiplicar semillas Fj en invernadero y se evaluaron en campo las semillas de 56 poblaciones F2, más los ocho progenitores, en la cosecha de invierno de 2020 en un diseño reticular simple (8x8) en Vicosa, MG, Brasil. Se evaluaron las variables: severidad de la mancha amarilla (Pyrenophora triticirepentis), severidad del tizón (WHB) (Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum), número de días hasta embuchamiento, altura de la espiga y peso total de grano en la parcela. El análisis dialélico se realizó utilizando modelos mixtos para obtener los efectos de capacidad combinatoria general (GCA), capacidad combinatoria específica (SCA) y estimación de valores genotípicos de la población. El efecto aditivo predominó para el control de todas las variables, excepto para la altura de la espiga. Hubo mayores efectos de GCA para el conjunto de plantas madres progenitoras. La he-redabilidad, en sentido estricto, osciló entre 0.20 (tizón) y 0.66 (embuchamiento). Hubo efecto de la CGA materna para todas las variables, mientras que para la CGA paterna solo para número de días hasta embuchamiento y peso total de grano en la parcela. Las poblaciones derivadas de los cultivares TBIO Aton, TBIO Ponteiro y TBIO Sossego presentaron menor severidad de la enfermedad, mientras que las combinaciones de BRS 254, BRS 264 y BRS 394 presentaron un tiempo de maduración más temprano. Las combinaciones más promisorias para derivar líneas para el conjunto de variables evaluadas fueron BRS 254 x CD 1303, BRS 394 x TBIO Aton, TBIO Aton x BRS 254, CD 1303 x BRS 254 y CD 1303 x BRS 264.

ABSTRACT The selection of segregating populations with the potential for derived lines is essential for breeding programs. The present work analyzes the potential of tropical F2 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations originated from complete diallel cross combinations. For this purpose, eight tropical wheat cultivars were combined in a complete diallel design in 2019 after Fj seeds were multiplied in a greenhouse and the seeds of 56 F2 populations, plus the eight parents, were evaluated in the field in Vicosa, MG, Brazil in the winter harvest of 2020 using a simple lattice design (8x8). The trait scores of (1) severity of tan spot (Pyrenophora triticirepentis), (2) severity of wheat head blast (WHB) (Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum), (3) days to heading, (4) spike height, (5) and total grain weight of the plot were evaluated. We performed a diallel analysis using mixed models to obtain the effects of general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), and estimation of population genotypic values. The additive effect predominated for the control of all traits, except for spike height. There were greater GCA effects for the set of parental maternal plants. Heritability, in the narrow sense, ranged from 0.20 (blast) to 0.66 (heading). There was an effect of maternal GCA for all variables, while for paternal GCA the effect was only for days passed for head and total grain weight. Populations derived from the cultivars TBIO Aton, TBIO Ponteiro, and TBIO Sossego had lower disease severity, while the combinations from BRS 254, BRS 264, and BRS 394 had earlier maturation time. The most promising combinations to derive lines for the set of traits were BRS 254 x CD 1303, BRS 394 x TBIO Aton, TBIO Aton x BRS 254, CD 1303 x BRS 254, and CD 1303 x BRS 264.

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é situar e examinar a suposta inflexão de maior radicalização política na trajetória intelectual de Antonio Candido ocorrida na passagem da década de 1960 para 1970. Busca-se explicar a gênese e compreender o significado dessa radicalização, que teria se manifestado na produção intelectual do crítico no período, como, por exemplo, nos ensaios “Dialética da malandragem” (1970), “Literatura e subdesenvolvimento” (1970) e “De cortiço a cortiço” (1973). Nesse sentido, o artigo reconstrói brevemente a trajetória global de Candido, discute os principais condicionantes das suas ideias na época e sugere uma interpretação sobre o significado “radical” dessas ideias, tal como aparecem nos ensaios acima mencionados.

Abstract This essay contextualizes and examines a supposed more politically radical shift in Antonio Candido’s intellectual trajectory in the transition from the 1960s to the 1970s. It seeks to explain the origins and understand the meaning of this radicalization that manifested itself in the critic’s intellectual production of the period, such as the essays “Dialética da malandragem” (1970), “Literatura e subdesenvolvimento” (1970) and “De cortiço a cortiço” (1973). In this regard, the article briefly reconstructs Antonio Candido’s global trajectory, discussing the main conditioning factors of his ideas in the period and suggesting an interpretation of their ‘radical’ meaning, as they appear in the aforementioned essays.

RESUMO: Este artigo é uma análise interpretativa de caráter bibliográfico. Tem por objetivo, estabelecer interlocução entre cinco pesquisas de autoria de membros do Grupo de Trabalho Educação Matemática no Ensino Superior (GT04), da Sociedade Brasileira de Educação Matemática, sobre o ensino e a aprendizagem de Álgebra, com reflexões presentes em estudos de outros autores de renome na Educação Algébrica. As discussões organizam-se em três temáticas: requisitos para aprender Álgebra; como a Álgebra é ensinada e como deveria ser ensinada; e a natureza das dificuldades evidenciadas na aprendizagem de Álgebra. Para coletar, categorizar e analisar dados, adotamos alguns pressupostos da Análise de Conteúdo na ótica de Bardin. Por meio do estudo realizado, pudemos perceber que, embora os objetos das pesquisas do GT04 sejam o ensino e a aprendizagem de Matemática na universidade, muitas das discussões relacionadas à Álgebra presentes nas investigações dos membros deste Grupo por nós iluminadas e articuladas com afirmações de pesquisadores de renome, tanto no cenário nacional quanto internacional da Educação Algébrica, não dizem respeito especificamente ao ensino superior. Considerações relacionadas à especificidade do GT se fazem presentes de maneira mais contundente nas reflexões acerca da natureza das dificuldades evidenciadas na aprendizagem de Álgebra, havendo, no entanto, mesmo nesta categoria de análise, considerações pertintentes também à Educação Básica.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this article, which contains a bibliographical characteristic, is to present discussions related to three themes: the requisites to learn Algebra; how Algebra is taught and how it should be taught; and the nature of the difficulties evidenced in the learning of Algebra. This study was carried out based on the dialogue of issues raised by means of interpretative analysis, held in five studies from members of the Work Group Mathematical Education in Higher Education (GT04), from the Brazilian Society of Mathematical Education (SBEM), regarding the teaching and learning of Algebra, with reflections and studies from noteworthy authors in Algebraic Education. To collect categorize and analyse data, we adopted assumptions from Content Analysis in the point of view of Bardin. Despite the fact that the objectives of the studies of GT04 are the teaching and learning of Mathematics in Higher Education, by carrying out the study, we were able to realize many discussions related to Algebra present in the investigations of the members of this Group, brought to light and articulated with statements from noteworthy national and international researchers of Algebraic Education, related to Basic Education. Considerations related to the specificity of the Work Group are more decisively present in the reflections regarding the nature of the difficulties presented in the learning of Algebra, even though considerations related to Basic Education are also included in this category of analysis.

RESÚMEN: El objetivo de este artículo, de carácter bibliográfico, a partir de la interlocución de cuestiones logradas por medio de un análisis interpretativo, realizado en cinco investigaciones de autoría de miembros del Grupo de Trabajo Educación Matemática en la Enseñanza Superior (GT04), de la Sociedad Brasilera de Educación Matemática, sobre la enseñanza y el aprendizaje del Álgebra, con reflexiones presentes en estudios de otros autores de renombre en la Educación Algebraica, es presentar discusiones acerca de tres temáticas: requisitos para aprender el Álgebra; cómo el Álgebra es enseñado y cómo debería ser enseñado; y la naturaleza de las dificultades evidenciadas en el aprendizaje del Álgebra. Para recolectar, categorizar y analizar datos, adoptamos algunos presupuestos del Análisis del Contenido en la óptica de Bardin. Por medio del estudio realizado, aunque los objetos de investigación del GT04 sean la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de Matemática en la universidad, muchas de las discusiones relacionadas al Álgebra presentes en las investigaciones de los miembros de este Grupo, por nosotros esclarecidas y articuladas con afirmaciones de investigadores de renombre, tanto en el escenario nacional como el internacional de la Educación Algebraica, podemos percibir que no se refieren específicamente a la enseñanza superior. Consideraciones relacionadas a la especificidad del GT se hacen presentes de manera más contundente en las reflexiones acerca de la naturaleza de las dificultades evidenciadas en el aprendizaje del Álgebra. También habiéndose tomado, en esta categoría de análisis, consideraciones pertinentes a la Educación Básica.

Resumo Neste artigo, apresenta-se parte dos resultados de uma análise interpretativa, realizada adotando-se como corpus cinco pesquisas sobre a temática Álgebra, desenvolvidas por integrantes do Grupo de Trabalho Educação Matemática no Ensino Superior (GT04), filiado à Sociedade Brasileira de Educação Matemática (SBEM). Para coleta, categorização e análise dos dados, recorre-se a preceitos da Análise de Conteúdo na concepção de Bardin. Foram construídas cinco categorias de análise e, neste artigo, duas delas são analisadas: C1: O que é Álgebra? e C2: O papel da Álgebra. Para cada categoria, além de apresentarem-se as reflexões presentes nos trabalhos analisados, estabelecem-se diálogos entre tais reflexões e outras evidenciadas em pesquisas de referência na Educação Algébrica. Em relação à categoria C1, os dados explicitam que respostas à questão O que é Álgebra? contemplam aspectos históricos, estruturais, relacionados à generalização, a conteúdos e a notações normalmente associados à Álgebra, à relação entre Aritmética e Álgebra e à permeabilidade da Álgebra em diferentes campos da Matemática e distintas áreas de conhecimento. Já a respeito da categoria C2, os resultados indicam que a Álgebra desempenha papéis tanto para a construção do conhecimento matemático do estudante, quanto para a formação do professor que irá mediar esse processo de construção em sala de aula, estando tais papéis vinculados ao conhecimento das estruturas, das demonstrações, do simbolismo, à centralidade das generalizações e à apropriação da linguagem e do pensamento algébrico para o sujeito pensar e se comunicar matematicamente.

Abstract In this article, we present part of the results of an interpretative analysis carried out adopting as corpus of work five studies on the Algebra subject, developed by members of the Working Group for Mathematical Education in Higher Education (GT04), linked to the Brazilian Society of Mathematical Education (SBEM). To collect, categorize, and analyze the data, we consulted precepts of Content Analysis in the conception of Bardin. Five categories of analysis were built and this article focused on two: C1: What is Algebra? and C2: The role of Algebra. For each category, in addition to presenting the reflections present in the analyzed works, we established dialogues among these considerations and others presented in the reference studies in Algebraic Education. Regarding C1, the data highlights that answers to the question What is Algebra? contemplates historical and structural aspects related to generalization, contents, and observations commonly associated to Algebra, the relation between Arithmetic and Algebra, and the permeability of Algebra in different fields of Mathematics and knowledge. As for category C2, the results point to the fact that Algebra plays a role in the construction of mathematical knowledge, as well as in the teacher's work, who will mediate this construction process in the classroom. These roles are linked to the knowledge of structures, demonstrations, symbolism, the centrality of generalizations, and the appropriation of the algebraic language and thought to enable the person to think and communicate mathematically.

Abstract Paper aims The aim is to develop a vaccine distribution routing model (VDRM) in order to support governments to mitigate the pandemic caused by COVID-19. Originality As far as we know, no metaheuristics has been developed for vaccine distribution, and specifically, to support the Brazilian government. Research method A metaheuristic is developed based on the combination and adaptation of GRASP (Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure) with VND (Variable Neighborhood Descent), considering different refinement operators. Finally, as a way of validating the model, a numerical application in the state of Pernambuco (Brazil) was performed. Main findings Metaheuristic proved to be effective for developing adequate planning for the allocation of ampoules with vaccines to combat COVID-19. Effective analysis was obtained in the evaluation of the proposed algorithm, both in terms of computational effort and the quality of the final solution. An efficiency of approximately 75% was obtained in relation to the current distribution procedure adopted by the state of Pernambuco. Implications for theory and practice To mitigate disease, adequate logistics for transporting and distributing vaccines is essential, especially in emergency situations to face pandemic crises. Thus, the developed metaheuristic can support governments and companies in any situation demanded, making the decision of how the distribution of the ampoules will be more agile.

ABSTRACT Introduction: This article is an extensive review of the different aspects of this pathology, acute appendicitis despite being the first cause of emergency abdominal surgery, the delay in diagnosis implies an increase in surgical interventions with perforated appendices and, therefore, an increase in morbidity and mortality. Objective: To present the results of the efficacy of the use of ultrasonography associated with clinical and epidemiological characteristics in patients with acute abdominal pain due to appendicitis at the "popular" Medical Center Vinces-Ecuador. Methods: A correlational, descriptive, Retrospective cohort study conducted for 7 months (January to July 2019), in which the study population included patients referred with acute abdominal pain diagnosed with appendicitis through the clinic and / or ultrasonography of the "popular" Vinces Medical Center, Ecuador. This population is constituted by 162 patients. Results: Of the 162 patients observed, 157 underwent surgery, an anatomopathological diagnosis of appendicitis in 130. The sensitivity of the ultrasound with criteria of certainty and suspicion was 96.7 %. The pilot random sample contained 162 participants out of a total of 180 patients, women (16.67 %) and men (83, 33 %). Conclusion: it was shown that abdominal ultrasound is the effective diagnostic method of choice for this study because of its sensitivity and certainty, easy access and minimal cost, allowing adequate control and preventive monitoring of complications, even more so in cases, with symptoms. clinical and laboratory doubtful, in order to avoid possible complications and reduce economic costs during diagnosis.

RESUMEN Introducción: La ultrasonografía es un procedimiento que utiliza ondas de sonido de alta energía para estudiar tejidos y órganos, formándose imágenes que permiten diagnosticar enfermedades. La eficacia en su implementación es útil para determinar acciones de intervención en procesos de salud. Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia del uso de la ultrasonografía asociada a características clínicas y epidemiológicas en pacientes con dolor abdominal agudo por apendicitis en el Centro Médico “Popular” Vinces. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio correlacional, descriptivo, de cohorte retrospectivo realizado durante 7 meses (enero a julio del 2019). La población estuvo constituida por 162 pacientes, se incluyó, además, a derivados con dolor abdominal agudo diagnosticados con apendicitis a través de la clínica y/o ultrasonografía del Centro Médico “Popular” Vinces. Resultados: De los 162 pacientes observados se intervinieron 157, diagnóstico anatomopatológico de apendicitis en 130. La sensibilidad de la ecografía con criterio de certeza y sospecha fue 96,7 %. La muestra aleatoria piloto contenía 162 participantes de un total de 180 pacientes, mujeres (16,67 %) y hombres (83,33 %). Conclusiones: Se demostró que la ecografía abdominal es el método diagnóstico eficaz, de elección para este estudio por su sensibilidad y criterio de certeza, fácil acceso y costo mínimo, permitiéndose un control adecuado y seguimiento preventivo de las complicaciones, más aún en los casos, con cuadro clínico y laboratorio dudoso, con el fin de evitar posibles complicaciones y reducir los costos económicos durante su diagnóstico.

RESUMO O presente artigo dedica-se a reler as noções de cordialidade, malandragem e autoritarismo – conforme estas se apresentam, respectivamente, nas obras de Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, Antonio Candido e Roberto Schwarz –, a fim de sugerir a validade de tais conceitos para a interpretação do momento brasileiro contemporâneo. Para tal, recorda e coloca em perspectiva tais noções, aproximando-as da situação presente.

ABSTRACT The current article aims to rethink the notions of cordiality, trickery and authoritarianism - as they are presented, respectively, in the works of Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, Antonio Candido and Roberto Schwarz -, in order to suggest the validity of such concepts for the interpretation of contemporary Brazilian moment. To this end, it recalls and puts such notions in perspective, bringing them closer to the present situation.

Abstract Background Parents and teachers can be valuable sources of information for characterizing children’s ADHD-related impairments in different environments. However, evidence indicated that those categories of informants often provide conflicting responses in formal assessment scales, which may challenge diagnostic decisions regarding the condition. Objective: We aimed to investigate reliability rates between parents and teachers of children and adolescents with and without ADHD using SNAP IV. Methods 199 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years were evaluated for ADHD symptoms using parent-rated and teacher-rated SNAP IV scales. Intraclass correlation coefficients were analyzed for ADHD domains (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity), as well as for defiant-oppositional behavior. Results Reports from parents and teachers showed low reliability for all ADHD domains. Parents’ scores on the SNAP IV were higher than those of teachers. Parents and teachers provided highly discrepant responses concerning to the presence and severity of ADHD in children and adolescents, which might result from intrinsic aspects related to their daily functioning in different settings. Discussion Clinicians should consider those trends in parental and teachers’ responses when interpreting results from informant-based instruments for detecting ADHD.

ABSTRACT Introduction: User's perception is the result of the application of principles of quality, equity, efficiency and warmth. Evaluation and satisfaction from the perspective and expectations of users lead to improvement in health care quality. Objective: Determine the user's perception of quality of care in the CAI III health center, Milagro Canton, 2018. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted of a representative sample of 370 inhabitants from Milagro Canton in Guayas Province, based on the SERVQUAL multidimensional scale survey. User's perception and expectations were measured and related to quality of care. Results: According to the analysis performed, expectation is 48 % and perception is also 48 %, with satisfaction identified as mid-level. Conclusions: Satisfaction with the quality of care in CAI III health center is fair, according to the SERVQUAL model. Users perceive that improvement is required in both the infrastructure of the center and the empathy of the personnel. Results point to the need to improve the quality of services to obtain a score of excellence, thus generating citizen satisfaction as an indispensable indicator of quality of health care.

RESUMEN Introducción: La percepción de los usuarios es el resultado de la aplicación de los principios de calidad, equidad, eficiencia y calidez. La evaluación y la satisfacción desde la perspectiva y expectativa del usuario ofrecen un mejoramiento en la atención a los servicios de salud. Objetivo: Determinar la percepción de los usuarios sobre la calidad de atención en el Centro de Salud CAI III, Milagro 2018. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, de corte transversal. Se estudió una muestra representativa de 370 habitantes del cantón Milagro en la provincia del Guayas, aplicándose la encuesta de escala multidimensional SERVQUAL, se midió y relacionó la percepción y expectativas del usuario, con respecto a la calidad de atención. Resultados: Mediante la investigación se obtuvo como resultado un 48 % en expectativa y 48 % en percepción, identificándose una satisfacción de nivel medio. Conclusiones: La calidad de atención del Centro de Salud CAI III tiene una satisfacción regular de acuerdo al modelo SERVQUAL, los usuarios perciben que falta mejorar la infraestructura del Centro de Salud, y la empatía del personal hacia a los usuarios. De acuerdo con los resultados se requiere mejorar la calidad del servicio para obtener una calificación de excelencia, generando la satisfacción de la ciudadanía como indicador imprescindible de calidad en la atención en salud.

RESUMO. Efeito de von Restorff (efeito de isolamento) refere-se ao estímulo que é mais facilmente lembrado em relação a outros em tarefas de memória. Tal efeito foi demonstrado em diferentes faixas etárias com diferentes metodologias. Objetivo: Investigar: a) presença do efeito de isolamento numa população idosa avaliada com a nova versão brasileira do Teste de Aprendizagem Auditivo-Verbal de Rey (RAVLT), em que uma palavra com potencial carga emocional (‘mãe’) foi introduzida; b) se o efeito de isolamento persiste em distúrbios de memória de diferentes gravidades (Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve [MCI]; Demência de Alzheimer [AD]). Métodos: RAVLT foi aplicado em 287 voluntários. Indivíduos participaram de avaliações médica e neuropsicológica e foram posteriormente agrupados em controles normais (n=114), MCI (n=87) e DA (n=86). Análises de variância e testes de Chi-quadrado foram realizados. Análises post-hoc foram conduzidas para avaliar diferenças de características entre os grupos. Resultados: Observaram-se efeitos significativos de grupo na curva de aprendizagem. Todos os grupos apresentaram curva de posição serial em formato W - invés do clássico formato em U. Conclusão: A nova versão brasileira do RAVLT evidenciou um efeito de von Restorff. Tal fenômeno foi visto não apenas em idosos, mas também em pacientes com MCI e AD, fornecendo medidas psicométricas adicionais para análises de diferenças intergrupais.

ABSTRACT. The Von Restorff (isolation) effect refers to a stimulus that is more likely to be remembered amongst other stimuli in memory tasks. It has been demonstrated with different age ranges and methodologies. Objective: To investigate: a) the presence of the isolation effect in elders tested with the new Brazilian Portuguese version of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task (RAVLT) in which a word with potential emotional weight (mother) was introduced; b) whether isolation effects persist in memory disorders of different degrees of severity (Mild Cognitive Impairment [MCI]; Alzheimer’s Dementia [AD]). Methods: The RAVLT was administered to 287 consecutive volunteers. Individuals underwent medical and neuropsychological evaluation and were further sub-grouped into normal controls (n=114), MCI (n=87) and AD (n=86) patients. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi-squared tests were performed. Post-hoc Tukey analysis was conducted to assess significance of group differences. Results: There were significant group effects on the learning curve. A W-shape - instead of the classical U-shape - was found for the serial position curve in all groups. Conclusion: The new Brazilian version of the RAVLT exhibited the Von Restorff effect, where this phenomenon was evident not only in older adults but also patients with MCI and AD, providing further psychometric measures for inter-group analyses.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been prominent in orthopedic implants; however, it is inert, preventing interaction between the implant and adjacent bone tissues. One way to overcome this characteristic is physical modification its on surface by particle leaching promoting greater osseointegration. The objective of this research was to develop and characterize the PEEK using a surface modification technique via particle leaching. For of the samples, a layer deposition of NaCl was used on PEEK. This was subjected to the pressure of 850 kg/cm2 by 390ºC for 20 minutes. After cooling, were subjected to leaching process particles. The results indicated a porous surface exhibiting uniform and homogeneous morphology with defined pores interconected, to in the range of 140-373 µm, with an average diameter of 273 µm. These evidenced the considerable NaCl removal after the leaching process, with cavities from ideal sizes which promotes adequate cellular accommodation and distinct roughness, giving an overall possibility of being able to obtain a material more able to receive the cells while also possibly presenting cell viability. Although the compressive strength presented low values, it can still be suitable for applications in areas with a reduced modulus of elasticity.